Get Some SleepVete a dormir

By: Keith

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In the interest of getting stuff done I sometimes stay up past my bedtime.  I know I’m going to pay for it eventually, but sometimes there is no choice; I have to work.  Adults can get away with that sort of thinking – for a little while.  We can do it because our brains are fully developed and they bounce back to pre sleep-deprived status after enough rest.  Sure, productivity slips and the effort required to get even simple tasks done increases exponentially with every passing hour past bedtime.  But, it can be done.  That is not the case with kids.  Kids who don’t get enough sleep risk serious developmental issues.  Sleep deprivation in kids has been linked to lower IQ, obesity and ADD.  How to ensure our kids are getting enough sleep is, in theory, really easy.  Let them sleep until they wake up.  Let them nap when they need to nap.  Here comes the research.

 

The Research:

 

ActigraphDr. Avi Sadeh at Tel Aviv University has done research into the affects of sleep deprivation on school aged kids.  In one of his more eye opening experiments he sent 77 4th graders and 6th graders home with random instructions.  Half of the kids (randomly selected) were told to go to bed half an hour later than usual and the other half were told to turn in half an hour earlier ( 1 hour difference).  The children were each given actigraph units which electronically measure real sleeping time.  The prep lasted 3 days and, at the end of those three days, the kids were given a version of the Wechsler IQ test.  The results showed that one hour difference in sleep is equivalent to 2 grade levels of neural biological functioning.  6th graders with one less sleep than usual performed at the level of 4th graders!  Not only that but the research indicates that the effects of sleep deprivation can be cumulative and irreversible if left unchecked through adolescence.

 

Another test was done by the University of Minnesota’s Dr. Kyla Wahlstrom who found that Minnesota high schoolers with A averages in school averaged 15 more minutes of sleep than the their C level peers.  An identical test was done by Brown University of 3,000 Rhode Island high schoolers in which the results were the same.  It’s hard to believe that 15 minutes can make much difference.  Two separate studies say it does make a difference, a big difference.

 

Obesity:

 

PD*5814072Television is not to blame for obesity despite everything we’ve been told.  The University of Texas at Austin and Dr. Elizabeth Vanderwater did some digging and found an ongoing survey by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics.  The survey has followed 8,000 families since 1968 and clearly shows that obese kids watch no more television than their more fit counterparts.  Vanderwater states that media “… is not the smoking gun we assumed it to be.”  Instead, she found something else.  While studying the data she discovered that kids who weren’t watching TV weren’t getting any more physical activity than those who were.  In other words, when not watching television kids are doing something else that is equally sedentary.  In fact, kids watch only 7 minutes more television today on average than they did in the 1970′s.  It’s time management that is making kids fat, not television.  Less sleep is to blame.

 

The big leap in obesity rates in kids happened in the mid 80′s.  And, the research shows that the culprit is not video games or television.  It’s lack of sleep.  Kids trade sleep time for sedentary activities and the result is that kids who get less than 8 hours of sleep per night have a 300% higher rate of obesity than those kids who get 8 or more hours.  It’s a snowballing problem because people who don’t sleep enough also don’t have the energy to exercise.

 

SleepThe research is clear.  Sleep is important for cognitive functioning as well as controlling obesity.  The solution, while apparently simple, is not as easy as putting kids to bed earlier.  We need to cut down on their structured activities and school obligations and give them more freedom to relax and sleep.  It might seem counter intuitive that less school work could result in better grades, but if schoolwork is getting in the way of sleep then that is exactly the conclusion I am making.  On the other hand, if video games or sitting around doing nothing like a big fat slob are getting in the way of sleep then those things need to be adjusted.  The danger though with having kids too active is that they won’t be able to decompress from the day to actually get the required sleep.  My solution is fewer activities and obligations.  The results of that should be less stress and more sleep, but that’s just my interpretation of the data.  Either way we slice it we know that our kids need their sleep.

 

Read Nurture Shock by Po Bronson for a complete list of research and notes.

  

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Con la intención de completar las cosas que debo hacer durante el día algunas veces me quedo despierto después de mi hora de ir a dormir.  Yo sé que eventualmente voy a tener que pagar por ello, pero algunas veces no tengo otra opción;  tengo que trabajar.  Los adultos pueden salirse con la suya con este modo de pensar  – solo por un poco de tiempo.  Nosotros podemos hacerlo porque nuestros cerebros ya están completamente desarrollados y pueden regresar a su estado normal antes de la depravación de sueño después de que consigan suficiente descanso.  Seguro, la productividad baja y el esfuerzo requerido para hacer incluso las más simples actividades incrementa de manera exponencial con cada hora que pasa después de nuestra hora de ir a dormir.  Pero, puede hacerse.  Pero este no es el caso de los niños.  Los niños que no obtienen suficiente sueño corren el riesgo de desarrollar serios problemas de desarrollo.  La depravación de sueño en los niños ha sido atribuida como causante de bajo nivel mental (IQ), obesidad, y ADD.  El asegurarnos que nuestros hijos están durmiendo lo suficiente es, afortunadamente, verdaderamente fácil.  Déjales dormir hasta que ellos despierten por sí mismos.  Déjales tomar una siesta cuando ellos quieren tomar una siesta.  Aquí vienen los estudios hechos.

 

Los estudios:

 

ActigraphEl Dr. Avi Sadeh de la Universidad de Tel Aviv ha hecho estudios en los efectos que la depravación de sueño tiene en niños de edad escolar.  En uno de sus experimentos más ilustrativos él envió a 77 estudiantes de 4º y 6º grados a sus casas con diversas instrucciones.  La mitad de los estudiantes (escogidos al azar) tenían que irse a dormir media hora más tarde de lo que normalmente lo hacían y la otra mitad tenían que irse a dormir media hora más temprano (1 hora de diferencia entre los dos grupos).   A los  niños les dieron unidades de actigraph con las que electrónicamente pudieron medir su verdadero tiempo durmiendo.  El experimento duró 3 días, y al final de esos 3 días los estudiantes recibieron un examen equivalente al de IQ Wechsler.  Los resultados mostraron que una hora de sueño de diferencia es equivalente a dos niveles de  grados escolares de funcionamiento neurológico biológico.  ¡Los estudiantes de 6º grado quienes habían dormido menos obtuvieron resultados en su examen al mismo nivel que los estudiantes de 4º grado!  No solo eso pero los resultados del estudio también demostraron que los efectos de la falta de sueño son acumulativos e irreversibles si el comportamiento no es corregido durante la adolescencia.

 

En otros experimentos realizados en la Universidad de Minnesota por la Dra. Kyla Wahlstrom se encontró que estudiantes de preparatoria con máximas calificaciones (A’s) conseguían un promedio de 15 minutos más de sueño que sus compañeros del mismo grado con calificaciones más bajas (C’s).  Un experimento idéntico realizado en la Universidad de Brown de 3,000 estudiantes de preparatoria en Rhode Island obtuvo los mismos resultados.  Es difícil creer que solo 15 minutos pueden hacer una gran diferencia.  Dos estudios completamente independientes muestran que si hacen una diferencia, una gran diferencia.

 

Obesidad:

 

PD*5814072La televisión no es la culpable de la obesidad a pesar de lo que nos hayan dicho.  La Universidad de Texas en Austin y la Dra. Elizabeth Vanderwater han hecho investigaciones y han descubierto una encuesta hecha por el Panel de Estudio de las Dinámicas de Ingresos (Panel Study of Income Dynamics).  La encuesta siguió a 8,000 familias desde 1968 y claramente muestra que los niños obesos no ven más televisión que sus contrapartes en buena condición física.  Vanderwater establece que la media “…no es el arma de fuego que asumimos solía ser.”  En su lugar ella descubrió algo más.  Estudiando la data ella descubrió que los niños que no estaban viendo televisión no estaban haciendo más actividades físicas que aquellas que la estaban viendo.  En otras palabras, cuando los niños no están viendo televisión están haciendo otras actividades que son igualmente sedentarias.  De hecho, los niños ahora solo ven en promedio 7 minutos más de televisión de lo que los niños lo hacían en los 70’s.  Es el manejo del tiempo lo que está haciendo a los niños gordos, no la televisión.  Es la falta de sueño la culpable.

 

El gran brinco en los niveles de obesidad en los niños apareció a mediados de los 80’s.  Y, los estudios muestran que ni los videojuegos ni la televisión son culpables.  Es la falta de sueño.  Los niños intercambian sus horas de sueño por actividades sedentarias y el resultado es que los niños que tienen menos de 8 horas de sueño cada noche tienen una estimación de 300% más de obesidad que aquellos niños que duermen sus 8 horas.  Es un problema de crecimiento continuo pues las personas que no duermen lo suficiente tampoco tienen la energía suficiente para hacer ejercicio.

 

SleepLos estudios son claros.  El dormir es importante para las funciones cognoscitivas al igual que para controlar la obesidad.  La solución no es tan fácil como el poner a los niños en cama más temprano.  Tenemos que cortar el tiempo de sus actividades estructuradas y sus obligaciones escolares y darles más tiempo para relajarse y dormir.  Pude que parezca contra intuitivo el que menos actividades escolares produzca mejores calificaciones en la escuela, pero si las actividades escolares están interfiriendo  en el sueño de los niños entonces esa es la conclusión a la que yo estoy llegando.  Por otro lado, si los  videojuegos o el sentarse sin hacer nada como un gordo desaliñado son los que están interfiriendo en el sueño de los niños entonces estas actividades deben ser ajustadas.  El problema con tener a los niños muy activos es que ellos no van a poder decompresarse  al final de día para poder tener la cantidad de sueño que verdaderamente necesitan.  Mi solución es menos actividades y obligaciones.  El resultado debe ser menso estrés y más sueño, pero esta es solamente mi interpretación de la data.  De cualquier manera que lo veamos nuestros hijos necesitan dormir lo suficiente.

 

Lee el libro Nurture Shock (Choque Educacional) por Po Bronson para una lista completa de los estudios y las notas.

 

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17 Responses to “Get Some SleepVete a dormir
  1. Dennis Yu November 29, 2009 at 12:29 pm #

    Wow– this is brutally bad on the cascading effects of not enough sleep for kids. Perhaps this explains why some adults are the way they are.
    .-= Dennis Yu´s last blog ..Sitelinks in Google PPC Ads– You don’t want to miss this! =-.

  2. BigLittleWolf November 29, 2009 at 2:43 pm #

    This is really informative. And makes a lot of sense. So many parents have their kids slotted into constant activity, and homework loads often have kids working very late into the night. Of course they’re getting less sleep.

    And adults need to be careful as well. We are getting by on smaller doses of sleep – often with serious consequences. And I’m not talking about those with diagnosed sleep disorders, but I’m talking about those sleep-deprived parents (regardless of reason) who are more prone to accidents at home, impatience, irritability and over time a host of other problems.

    Sleep loss is a huge issue in our culture – certainly for our kids. And for adults.

    Great post.
    .-= BigLittleWolf´s last blog ..Why do people cheat? =-.

    • Keith November 29, 2009 at 7:53 pm #

      Wolf, you just brought up another facet of the argument that is totally relevant. Another study done found that adults who get 6 hours of sleep per night for one week function at the same level as someone who has gone 24 hours without sleep. That means all those people who say they’re just fine with 6 hours really aren’t. Imagine how much more productive they’d be with more. Thanks!

  3. J. Cruikshank November 29, 2009 at 4:53 pm #

    This is a eye-opener!

  4. Brian November 29, 2009 at 6:10 pm #

    Interesting studies! They remind me of one I heard about a while back on “Sleep Debt.” Have you heard of that before? It’s an interesting concept. Just type ‘sleep debt’ into wikipedia if you’re not sure what I’m talking about. I’m pretty sure I’m way in the red (probably more so than the federal deficit!) LOL
    .-= Brian´s last blog ..Belly Buttons Are For Decoration =-.

    • Keith November 29, 2009 at 7:58 pm #

      Brian, I have experienced this sleep debt myself, and I think I can sympathize. This past week I have found myself craving slightly more than 8 hours per night. I think my body is trying to make up for a cumulative deficit. Thanks for commenting!

  5. Reservoir Dad November 29, 2009 at 11:28 pm #

    The last study you quote is way of the mark in my opinion. Does Having studied diet for several years I can tell you that activity levels are as about important in obesity levels as this study suggests time in front of the TV is. The energy in – energy out equation is way too simple and misleading and the one thing that these studies ignore is the fact that hormones affect not only how we process and/or store energy but also how much sleep, move and eat. The main hormone we’re talking about here is insulin which not only affects several other hormones but is also responsible for fat storage and increased hunger among other things. The main macronutrient that increases our insulin levels is carbohydrate. And the big change in our diet since the 70′s has been the increase of sugar/carbohydrate so that they make up the larger percentage of macronutrients in our diets (which also coincides with increased obesity and type 2 diabetes since the 80s). I will try to find you the study that showed that by decreasing the amount of carbohydrates in a child’s diet they began to spontaneously exercise and move about more. I’ve suggested before that you read ‘Good Calories Bad Calories’ by Gary Taubes and I suggest it again so that you can get an idea that these studies are looking in the wrong place and making misleading information sound convincing.
    .-= Reservoir Dad´s last blog ..Reservoir Dad’s Adventures in Phuket – The Wedding =-.

    • Keith November 29, 2009 at 11:57 pm #

      Thanks Clint for the comment. The purpose of the studies was to correlate obesity with sleep in some way, not to tangentially deviate into nutrition and insulin production. There is, undeniably, a correlation between sleep deprivation and obesity. I can concede that it isn’t as simple as that though. What you say about hormones and insulin is absolutely right. I wouldn’t call these studies misleading though because nutritious was not the focus, sleep was. There is another chapter in the book about nutrition where the author talks a bit about other factors that contribute to obesity. I’m sure that will be more revealing when I get there. I defer the nutritional expertise to you :-) That’s clearly your thing!

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